The United States Congress ratified the Articles of Confederation, creating the nation’s first official constitution.
1803
In a landmark decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Marbury v. Madison, establishing the principle of judicial review.
1845
Florida officially joined the Union as the 27th state of the United States.
1864
Amid the American Civil War, the U.S. Congress instituted the Medal of Honor, the country’s highest military award.
1936
The San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge was inaugurated, providing a vital link between the two California cities.
1954
The U.S. Navy conducted its first hydrogen bomb test in the Pacific Ocean, marking a major development in nuclear weaponry.
1961
The United States launched TIROS-1, the world’s first weather satellite, transforming meteorology and weather prediction.
1993
Czech Republic and Slovakia became separate independent nations following the peaceful split of Czechoslovakia, known as the “Velvet Divorce.”




