Shimla, July 28, Keekli Bureau
2005
The Irish Republican Army announced that it had ended its armed campaign and instead would pursue only peaceful means to achieve its objectives.
1991
Spanish cyclist Miguel Indurain won his first of five consecutive Tour de France titles.
1976
An earthquake in the industrial city of Tangshan, China, killed more than 240,000 people.
1954
The classic film On the Waterfront—directed by Elia Kazan and featuring one of Marlon Brando’s most iconic performances—was released in the United States.
1932
The first feature-length zombie film, White Zombie—inspired by the book and by a stage play called Zombie—was released in New York City; it starred Bela Lugosi.
1868
The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution—which granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to African Americans and slaves who had been emancipated after the Civil War—entered into force.
1844
Gerard Manley Hopkins, who was one of the most individual of Victorian writers and who influenced many leading 20th-century poets, was born in Stratford, Essex, England.
1821Peru declared its independence from Spain.
1794
Maximilien Robespierre, a radical Jacobin leader and one of the principal figures in the French Revolution, was guillotined before a cheering mob on the Place de la Révolution in Paris.
1750
Composer Johann Sebastian Bach, one of the greatest composers of all time, died in Leipzig, Germany.
1540
King Henry VIII of England privately married his fifth wife, Catherine Howard.
